世界英语文化中英文对照：Marcus Tullius Cicero 乌库斯·图留斯·西塞罗（名人篇）
阿尔法教育网每天带你读点世界英语文化常识，今天带来的是罗马哲学家Marcus Tullius Cicero 乌库斯·图留斯·西塞罗。
英文部分：
Marcus Tullius Cicero（106 BC-43 BC）was a Roman philosopher，statesman，lawyer，orator，political theorist，and constitutionalist.He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order，and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.
His influence on the Latin language was so immense，according to Michael Grant that“the influence of Cicero upon the history of European literature and ideas greatly exceeds that of any other prose writer in any language."Cicero introduced the Romans to the chief schools of Greek philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary distinguishing himself as a linguist，translator，and philosopher.
His master works on political and laws are On the Republic and On the Laws.
He thought that country was the affairs of people's, and it was the collective under the impartial principles and the corporation towards common wealth.
Monarch, aristocracy, and republics all were single regime, but the ideal govermment should be hybrid regime, which was the aristocratic republic headed by Roman Senate. On philosophy, he wrote On the Ends of Good and Bad Things, andOn the Nature of the Gods. He advocated that synthesize all the views of different schools, because of this he was regarded as the most typical middle course. Cicero's achievement on education mainly shows in his book Orator, published on 55 BC. It contained all the capacities a good orator should occupy. And he also thought the final goal of education was to foster the literate orators.
The peak of Cicero's authority and prestige came during the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, and his impact on leading Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke", David Hume, and Montesquieu was substantial.
中英文对照：
马库斯·图留斯·西塞罗（前106一前43），罗马哲学家、政治家、律师、演讲家、政治理论家、立宪论者。他出身于一个富有的骑士家庭，被广泛认为是罗马最伟大的演讲和韵文风格大师。
他对拉丁语言的影响是如此巨大，以至于用米歇尔·格兰特的话说，“西塞罗对于欧洲文学史和思想的影响大大超过了任何语言中的任何一个韵文作家。”西塞罗把罗马人引荐到占主导地位的希腊哲学流派中，创造了一整套拉丁哲学词汇，这使他成为一个与众不同的语言学家、翻译者和哲学家。西塞罗关于政治和法律的著名作品有《论共和国》和《论法律》。他认为国家是人民的，是人们在正义的原则和求得共同福利的合作下所结成的集体。君主、贵族和民主三种政体都是单一政体，理想的政体应是“混合政体”，即以当时罗马元老院为首的奴隶主贵族共和国。关于哲学，他创作了《论至善和至恶》《论上帝的本质》，提倡要综合不同流派的所有观点，正因如此，他被看做是折中主义最典型的代表。西塞罗在教育方面的成就主要体现在出版于公元前55年的《论演说家》
一书中。这本书涵盖一个演说家应具备的所有素质。同时，他还认为教育的最终目的是培养有文化修养的雄辩家。
西塞罗的权威影响和声誉在18世纪启蒙运动中达到巅峰，对于很多启蒙运动的主要思想家，如约翰·洛克、大卫·休谟、孟德斯鸠都有深远影响。
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